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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 11:13 pm
Time: 11:13 pm
Results for aboriginal youth
5 results foundAuthor: MacRae-Krisa, Leslie D. Title: Risk and Protective Factors Among an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Youth Offenders in Calgary Summary: The Government of Alberta’s recently implemented Crime Prevention Framework (2011) stresses the importance of a proactive approach to crime that addresses the factors leading to offending and victimization. The framework identifies that this may be accomplished by focusing on increasing protective factors and reducing risk among target groups, including at-risk children, youth, and families, Aboriginal people, and prolific offenders (Government of Alberta, 2011). One of the strategic directions by which the Government of Alberta has proposed to achieve the framework’s outcomes is to expand existing research in Alberta. The Mount Royal University Centre for Criminology and Justice Research (CCJR) identified a number of priority research areas that will ultimately support the framework, one of which is examining risk and protective factors among Aboriginal people and “newcomers” to Canada. In response to the CCJR’s call for research to examine risk and protective factors for offending among immigrant and Aboriginal communities, the Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family (CRILF) conducted an exploratory study of risk and protective factors for crime among Aboriginal youth, 1st and 2nd generation immigrant/refugee youth, and other ethnic groups using existing youth crime data. The objectives were as follows: (1) To examine the existing Canadian literature to determine what is known about ethnic differences in risk and protective factors among youth offenders in Canada; (2) To conduct exploratory analyses of the Calgary youth offending data collected by CRILF in 2006/2007 to determine whether similarities and/or differences in established risk and protective factors for crime exist among different ethnic groups in the sample; and (3) To adopt a grounded theoretical approach, informed by existing theoretical models, to explain the similarities and differences observed in risk and protective factors for youth offending among different ethnic groups. Details: Calgary, Alberta, Canada: Mount Royal University Centre for Criminology & Justice Research, 2011. 81p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 6, 2012 at: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~crilf/publications/Risk_and_Protective_Factors.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: http://people.ucalgary.ca/~crilf/publications/Risk_and_Protective_Factors.pdf Shelf Number: 125486 Keywords: Aboriginal YouthDelinquency PreventionImmigrant YouthImmigrantsJuvenile Delinquents (Canada)Youthful Offenders |
Author: Totten, Mark Title: Evaluation Report for the North Central Community Association Regina Anti-Gang Services Circle Keeper Project Summary: The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the evaluation activities for the Circle Keeper Program of the Regina Anti-Gang Services Project for the period of December 2010 – March 2011. The RAGS Project is a unique initiative for gang-involved Aboriginal youth and young adults aged 16 – 30 years living in the North Central neighbourhood of Regina. It is the only Canadian project of its kind. The RAGS program engages clients in intensive daily services aimed at reducing their involvement in gang life and facilitating their exit from gangs. Circle Keeper is one of the four core programs. The other programs are Life Skills Programming for Young Men; Intensive Gang Exit Counselling; and Outreach to schools and institutions. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized in the evaluation. Fourteen young women completed a baseline interview and eight completed a follow-up survey. Two of the young women who completed baseline surveys died prior to completion of the follow-up surveys. A pre and post design was used for the measurement of change over time. The post measure was administered three months following the baseline measure. It is clear that the Circle Keeper intervention has had a positive effect on the treatment group. The mean and median ages of the fourteen participants were 21.4 years and 20 years respectively. Of the eight young women who completed follow-up surveys, all continued to have close friends who were gang members. Seven young women reported that they frequently partied with gang members at baseline, and these same seven reported having continued partying with gang members throughout the three month program. The one participant who did not party with gang members at baseline did not party with them during the program. Seven participants had a gang-involved boyfriend at baseline whereas only four had gang-involved boyfriends at the time of the follow-up survey. The remaining young woman was in a relationship with a severely abusive partner at baseline and she terminated this relationship during the program. Two exited their gangs and another remained an active gang member. Three participants who were using intravenous drugs daily at baseline got off these drugs in February 2011 and were in a methadone program. An additional woman stopped hard drugs during the program and was only using marijuana at the three-month follow-up. Three women continued their intravenous drug usage throughout the group. Two participants stopped dealing drugs whereas three continued to deal drugs at follow-up. Six decreased their involvement in non-violent crime and four women decreased their involvement in violent crime. Four were active in the sex trade at both time periods, two had reduced their involvement, and one young woman had gotten out of prostitution completely at follow-up. Seven participants engaged in frequent binge drinking at both baseline and follow-up. Seven had frequent contact with police at baseline, whereas only one woman had contact with the police during the group program. Each participant attended on average 38% of all group sessions, or 21 days of programming. On average, the total cost per case was $10,053.86, or $2,513.46/month. This includes all administration costs, such as rent, staffing, evaluation and participant stipends. Given the relatively low attendance rate, this was an expensive program to deliver. Costs are considerably higher compared to the average male RAGS client. Key conclusions of the evaluation include reductions in the overall risk levels and individual risk levels of participants over time. The Circle Keeper program should be replicated in Canada. Details: Gatineau, QC: Totten and Associates, 2011. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 28, 2012 at: http://www.nccaregina.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Circle-Keeper-Report-Totten-May-10-2011.pdf Year: 2011 Country: Canada URL: http://www.nccaregina.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Circle-Keeper-Report-Totten-May-10-2011.pdf Shelf Number: 126166 Keywords: Aboriginal YouthDelinquency Prevention ProgramsGangs (Canada)Youth Gangs |
Author: Delfabbro, Paul Title: Programs for Anti-Social Minority Youth in Australia and New Zealand - A Literature Review Summary: A review was undertaken to describe and critically evaluate programs designed to meet the needs of Australian and New Zealand minority youth with anti-social behaviours. For the purposes of the investigation, minority youth was defined as an adolescent aged 10-18 years identifying themselves as being an Aboriginal/ Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) or of a Maori cultural background. ATSI people constitute approximately 2% of the Australian population, whereas Maori people constitute approximately 15% of the New Zealand population. Anti-social behaviour was defined as any behaviour inimical to the well being of young people in a personal, interpersonal, legal, or educational context. Particular attention was given to substance abuse, offending behaviour, and truancy because of the significant problems that these cause for indigenous youth. The review methodology involved a keyword search of all available sociological, juvenile justice and psychological databases available in Australia and New Zealand, as well as extensive Internet searches, contact with key researchers, and manual searches of Government agency libraries. Almost no research was found concerning the formal evaluation of intervention programs. Almost all program and intervention studies were descriptive, and did not employ standardized measures, or control samples. The review highlighted the significant over-representation of indigenous people in every form of social disadvantage, including offending, arrest and incarceration rates, school retention rates, health, and economic well being. This was found to be more so in Australia than in New Zealand because of the stronger historical representation of Maori people in New Zealand political affairs. The most significant health issue affecting indigenous people in remote communities is petrol sniffing. A review of primary, secondary and tertiary interventions indicated that secondary interventions appeared to be the most effective. Strategies such as increased policing, curfews, removal of leaded petrol from communities did not work, and the best programs were those involving established relationships with the indigenous community, structured activities, and placement of young indigenous people in outstation programs away from the source of the problem. In many cases, the locations were culturally relevant to young indigenous people, had ongoing funding support, and assisted in the development of practical life skills in a non-threatening environment. The review of juvenile justice revealed significant problems with existing strategies to dealing with minority offending. The review questioned the established assumption that the justice system is necessarily biased against young indigenous people because of the prescriptive nature of sentencing and processing that occurs in response to established offence records. ProbUELLT 8 lems were felt to be more strongly attributable to broader hardships in the community that contribute to higher offending rates in young indigenous people. The causes of indigenous offending were considered numerous, and included the breakdown in traditional family structures, substance abuse, unemployment, poverty, psychological distress, and homelessness. The best programs in both countries were those in New Zealand involving community aid workers that visited the homes of families at risk and provided a range of supports. These included family mediation services, assistance with psychological and substance abuse problems, and employment assistance. Programs that were considered less effective included those involving more forceful policing (curfews) and police aide workers, diversionary programs, family conferencing, and police liaison programs. The report also documents several successful schemes to enhance school retention rates in remote communities. The best of these programs involves practical support (the provision of clothes, books and food) as well as a culturally relevant curriculum and school committees involving members of the indigenous community. The report provides a critical assessment of existing research programs developed via Government agencies and research centers. A greater emphasis on practical skill-based programs and solutions is emphasized in preference for the tendency towards bureaucratic research involving repeated reviews of exiting problems and/or discussions of the need for greater cultural awareness and political accountability. Details: Stockholm: Centre for Evaluation of Social Services, 2003. 59p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 26, 2013 at: http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/Lists/Artikelkatalog/Attachments/10643/2003-110-19_200311019.pdf Year: 2003 Country: Australia URL: http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/Lists/Artikelkatalog/Attachments/10643/2003-110-19_200311019.pdf Shelf Number: 127723 Keywords: Aboriginal YouthAntisocial Behaviors (Australia, New Zealand)Delinquency Prevention ProgramsIndigenous Youth |
Author: Courage Partners Title: Final Report: Final Evaluation of Youth in Communities Summary: Courage Partners was engaged by the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs to conduct an evaluation of the Youth in Communities program. The evaluation commenced in July 2010 and was finalised in June 2012. The final evaluation of the program showed participants are more engaged at school and with their peers, are involving themselves more in cultural programs, sport and leadership activities, and are benefiting from higher self-esteem. The evaluation also found that organisations supported by Youth in Communities had successfully strengthened their service models to deliver better outcomes for young people. This includes developing more gender-specific programs to improve participation among young males, offering youth work traineeships to help create sustainable local employment opportunities, and strengthening relationships with local elders. Details: Canberra: Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, 2012. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 9, 2013 at: https://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/02_2013/youth_in_communities_final_evaluation_report.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: https://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/02_2013/youth_in_communities_final_evaluation_report.pdf Shelf Number: 128322 Keywords: Aboriginal YouthDelinquency PreventionEducational ProgramsIndigenous YouthJuvenile Offenders (Australia)School Attendance |
Author: Dunbar, Laura Title: Evaluation Summary: Community Cadets Corps (CCC) Program Summary: The Community Cadets Corps (CCC) program evaluation was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of Cadets as a crime prevention measure for Aboriginal youth. The CCC program was designed to increase the protective factors of Aboriginal youth ages 10 to 18 years old that are at risk of police contact, and/or engaging in criminal offences, anti-social activities, having conduct problems or truancy at school. Through the National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS), Public Safety Canada contributed $2.8 million in funding to implement 4 CCC crime prevention pilot projects in Aboriginal communities: Cross Lake, Manitoba; Kahkewistahaw First Nation, Saskatchewan; Touchwood Agency Tribal Council, Saskatchewan; and Hobbema, Alberta. Funding from the NCPS began in 2010 and ended in 2013. Program Description The CCC program aims to enhance youths' ability to make positive decisions, and lead to a productive and crime-free lifestyle. The program's structure was influenced by the core principles underlying the theory of the Circle of Courage. This model provides a framework for healthy, holistic culturally authentic alternatives that will build a sense of identity and community (belonging) as well as provide opportunities to enhance skills (mastery), develop a sense of independence, and support youth to practice generosity. These are the foundations for positive youth development - empowering Aboriginal youth to develop pro-social competencies, attitudes and behaviours, thereby reducing the risk of delinquent activity and criminal involvement. The CCC program is composed of the following five main program components: - Drill and Deportment: This component provides youth with a structured activity that takes place for approximately 30 minutes each week for 40 weeks. It comprises a series of techniques that must be executed in a specific way, requiring practice and focused attention from participants. Drills/marching are modeled after RCMP or military activities. - Group and Individual Mentoring: This component takes place through drill and deportment, life skills training, community leadership, and cultural and recreational activities. Community Elders, community workers and others provide youth with positive role models, inspire youth toward future career directions, and provide support in the areas of personal, academic and career development, social and athletic growth. Youth should meet with mentors at least 1 to 4 hours or more each week. - Life Skills Training: In this component, youth take part in various workshops/activities focused on improving their social and self-management skills. It is recommended that youth meet on a weekly basis, 9 months per year (36 weeks in total) in school settings. - Community Leadership/Involvement: Activities under this component aim to engage youth in the community, to enhance a sense of purpose and belonging as well as to develop leadership, planning, and implementation skills. During 1 week night per month and daily sessions during the summer months, Cadets will work towards benefitting the community through various activities. - Cultural and Recreational Activities: This component incorporates cultural adaptations and activities associated with the tradition, values, practices, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of Aboriginal youth involved in the program. Details: Ottawa: Public Safety Canada, 2015. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report: 2015-R007: Accessed July 25, 2016 at: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/ccc-prgrm/ccc-prgrm-en.pdf Year: 2015 Country: Canada URL: http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/ccc-prgrm/ccc-prgrm-en.pdf Shelf Number: 139846 Keywords: Aboriginal YouthAt-Risk YouthCommunity Cadets CorpsDelinquency PreventionMentoring |